WINS [Points to Remember]

WINS [Points to Remember]

1. The NetBIOS name can have max of 16 characters, while adding to domain max of 15 characters are recommended because the domain adds the $ sign as suffix taking total to 16.
2. NBT (NetBIOS over TCP/IP) Runs over TCP/IP by default.
3. LMHOST (LAN Manager Host) is file available in local machine (C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc) ,consists of hostname entries mapped to ip address (its basically first step of troubleshooting for name resolution issues in local network)

Name Resolution Search Order
Search Order B-Node – Broadcast (Configured by default when WINS server is not configured in the network)
• Local resolved cache 
• LM Host File
• Broadcast

Search Order for P-Node 
• Local resolved cache 
• LM Host File
• WINS Server

Search Order for M-Node (Mixed)
• Local resolved cache 
• LM Host File
• Broadcast
• WINS Server

Search Order for H-Node (Hybrid) 
(Configured by default when WINS server IP is configured in DHCP Server Options)
• Local resolved cache 
• LM Host File
• WINS Server
• Broadcast

WINS Funda

What is WINS ?
A. WINS is abbreviation for Windows Internet Naming Service, WINS protocol operates at port 43.
The WINS server is basically involved in name querying ie the NetBIOS name is resolved to equivalent IP address.

Q. What are the different NetBIOS node type and what is its importance.
A. A NetBIOS node type is technique of resolving the NetBIOS name to ip address.
There are basically four types of nodes, viz,

1. B-Node (Broadcast) – Client broadcast to whole network for NetBIOS name resolution , creates unnecessary traffic in the network.typically all these broadcast are blocked at router interface.
2. P-Node (WINS server) –Client contacts the Wins server for name resolution and if the wins server has failed or if it is not available ,the process fails to resolve the NetBIOS name
3. M-Node (Mixed node -combination of B and P Nodes) Broadcast first and later contact the wins server.(not recommended)
4. H-Node (Hybrid node- combination of P and B Nodes) Contact the wins server first ,and if the query fails then broadcast –Default if the wins server is configured in the network

Read more about wins in my next posting

Aborting the abnormal shutdown.......

At times we all must have come across the some abnormal shutdown message displayed,

To abort this process and try this command to ge the control of your computer by aborting this system generated process.

To abort such abnormal shutdown ,execute the following command from the command prompt.

The follow this path to execute the same 

Start --> Run -->cmd -->C:\-->cd windows -->c:\windows>shutdown -a